Understanding the drivers of the live bird trade in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-01-13.05-1-19Abstract
In this work we sought to evaluate the factors that influence the public's interest in wild birds sold as pets in Brazil, and the relationship of those factors with new occurrences of birds outside their natural range. We compiled the richness of bird species traded in Brazil and obtained comparative data of public interest directed to these species through the Google Trend tool. In addition, we gathered data on biological attributes and the sale price of the species in the trade, to analyze which factors would be related to public interest. Then, factors related to public interest were used to assess whether there was a relationship with these new occurrences. The main founds indicated that the public interest is greater for songbirds, omnivores, which live in more open environments and are sold at lower prices. All those factors also showed to be related to the birds that presented new occurrences. The public's preference for birds more generalist and from more open environments are important results, as such factors generally indicate greater environmental tolerance, which may favor the establishment of these birds in new environments. Therefore, it is likely that species releases or escape from captivity, combined with their life history attributes, may favor the establishment of isolates in new environments. Thus, the present results demonstrate that actions aimed at the conservation of commercialized species are essential to reduce the interregional trade of species, and consequently reduce the impact on natural populations and reduce the potential for new biological introductions.
References
Alves RRN, Gonçalves MBR, Vieira WLS (2012) Caça, uso e conservação de vertebrados no semiárido Brasileiro. Tropical Conservation Science 5:394–416. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291200500312
Alves MM, Faria Lopes S, Alves RRN (2016) Wild Vertebrates Kept as Pets in the Semiarid Region of Brazil. Tropical Conservation Science 9:354–368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291600900119
Alves RRN, Araújo BMC, Policarpo IS, Pereira HM, Borges AKM, Vieira WLS, Vasconcellos A (2019) Keeping reptiles as pets in Brazil: Ethnozoological and conservation aspects. Journal for Nature Conservation 49:9–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2019.02.002
Alves RRN, Lima JRF, Araujo HFP (2013) The live bird trade in Brazil and its conservation implications: an overview. Bird Conservation International 23:53–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S095927091200010X
Alves RRN, Nogueira EEGG, Araujo HFP, Brooks SE (2010) Bird-keeping in the Caatinga, NE Brazil. Human Ecology 38:147–156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9295-5
Alves RRN, Silva JS, Chaves LS, Albuquerque UP (2018) Ethnozoology and Animal Conservation. Ethnozoology. Elsevier, pp. 481–496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809913-1.00025-9
Araujo ACB, Behr ER, Longhi SJ, Menezes PTS, Kanieski MR (2010) Diagnóstico sobre a avifauna apreendida e entregue espontaneamente na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 84849:279–284.
Assis IA, Lima DC (2007) Uma Introdução Ao Comércio Ilegal De Aves Em Itapipoca, Ceará. Anais do VIII Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil 1–3.
Barbosa AJA, Nobrega WA, Alves RRN (2010) Aspectos da caça e comércio ilegal da avifauna silvestre por populações tradicionais do semi-árido paraibano. Revista de Biologia e ciências da terra 10:39–49.
Bastos LF, Ferreira Luz VL, Reis JI, Souza VL (2008) Apreensão de espécimes da fauna silvestre em Goiás – situação e destinação. Revista de Biologia Neotropical 5:51–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5216/rbn.v5i2.9822
Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) “Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4.” Journal of Statistical Software 67:1–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
Batista LAO (2010). O Tráfico de Aves Silvestres em Fortaleza: Implicações Bioéticas e Vivências de Compradores. MSc. dissertation, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza – CE, Brazil.
Brito MCR (2017) Diagnóstico, registro e destinação da avifauna recebida no pró-arara centro de reabilitação de animais silvestres, Araras-SP. MSc. dissertation, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos -SP, Brasil.
Becerra S, Marinero J, Borghi CE (2022). Poaching and illegal wildlife trade in western Argentina. Ethnobiology and Conservation 11. https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2022-01-11.05-1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2022-01-11.05-1-15
Bezerra DMM, Araujo HFP, Alves ÂGC, Alves RRN (2013) Birds and people in semiarid northeastern Brazil: Symbolic and medicinal relationships. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 9:1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-3
Bezerra DMM, Araujo HFP, Alves RRN (2020) Understanding the use of wild birds in a priority conservation area of Caatinga, a Brazilian tropical dry forest. Environment, Development and Sustainability 22:5297–5316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00425-1
BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World (2019) Bird species distribution maps of the world. Version 2019.1. Available at http://datazone.birdlife.org/species.
Blackburn TM, Cassey P, Lockwood JL (2009) The role of species traits in the establishment success of exotic birds. Global Change Biology 15:2852–2860. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01841.x
Bolker B, Robinson D (2022) broom.mixed: Tidying Methods for Mixed Models. R package version 0.2.9.4.
Bonifácio KM, Schiavetti A, Freire EMX (2016) Fauna used by rural communities surrounding the protected area of Chapada do Araripe, Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 12:41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0115-x
Borges AKM, Oliveira TPR, Rosa IL, Braga-Pereira F, Ramos HAC, Rocha LA, Alves RRN (2021) Caught in the (inter)net: Online trade of ornamental fish in Brazil. Biological Conservation 263:109344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109344
Bregman TP, Sekercioglu CH, Tobias JA (2014) Global patterns and predictors of bird species responses to forest fragmentation: Implications for ecosystem function and conservation. Biological Conservation 169:372–383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.024
Burivalova Z, Lee TM, Hua FY, Lee JSH, Prawiradilaga DM, Wilcove DS (2017) Understanding consumer preferences and demography in order to reduce the domestic trade in wild-caught birds. Biological Conservation 209:423–431. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.03.005
Carrete M, Tella JL (2008) Wild-bird trade and exotic invasions: a new link of conservation concern? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6:207–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/070075
Choi H, Varian H (2012) Predicting the Present with Google Trends. Economic Record 88:2–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2012.00809.x
Costa F, Ferreira J, Monteiro K, Mayrink R (2017) Fortalecendo Parcerias a Favor da Biodiversidade. Ciência contra o tráfico: Avanços no Combate ao Comércio Ilegal de Animais Silvestres. pp. 17–22.
Costa FJ, Ribeiro RE, Albuquerque De Souza C, Navarro RD (2018) Espécies de Aves Traficadas no Brasil: Uma Meta-Análise com Ênfase nas Espécies Ameaçadas. Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science 324–346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2018v7i2.p324-346
Cruz CEFD, Soares CEDS, Hirt GB, Wagner PGC, Andretta I, Castro Neto WDN (2022). Wild animals housed at the IBAMA triage center in Southern Brazil, 2005–2021: a glimpse into the endless conflicts between man and other animals. Ethnobiology and conservation 11 https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2022-09-11.28-1-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2022-09-11.28-1-29
Davies T, Cowley A, Bennie J, Leyshon C, Inger R, Carter H, Robinson B, Duffy J, Casalegno S, Lambert G, Gaston K (2018) Popular interest in vertebrates does not reflect extinction risk and is associated with bias in conservation investment. PLoS ONE 13:e0203694. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203694
Davis AY, Malas N, Minor ES (2014) Substitutable habitats? The biophysical and anthropogenic drivers of an exotic bird’s distribution. Biological Invasions 16:415–427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0530-z
Destro GFG, Andrade AFA, Fernandes V, Terribile LC, De Marco P (2020a) Climate suitability as indicative of invasion potential for the most seized bird species in Brazil. Journal for Nature Conservation 58:125890. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125890
Destro GFG, Fernandes V, Andrade AFA, De Marco P, Terribile LC (2019) Back home? Uncertainties for returning seized animals to the source‐areas under climate change. Global Change Biology 25:3242–3253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14760
Destro GFG, Lucena T, Monti R, Cabral R, Barreto R (2012) Efforts to Combat Wild Animals Trafficking in Brazil. Biodiversity Enrichment in a Diverse World. InTech, pp. 421–436 .
Destro GFG, De Marco P, Terribile LC (2020b) Comparing environmental and socioeconomic drivers of illegal capture of wild birds in Brazil. Environmental Conservation 47:46–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892919000316
Ducatez S, Shine R (2019) Life-history traits and the fate of translocated populations. Conservation Biology 33:853–860. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13281
Duggan IC, Rixon CAM, MacIsaac HJ (2006) Popularity and propagule pressure: Determinants of introduction and establishment of aquarium fish. Biological Invasions 8:377–382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-004-2310-2
Dunning JB (2007) CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses. 2th ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420064452
El Bizri HR, Morcatty TQ, Lima JJS, Valsecchi J (2015) The thrill of the chase: uncovering illegal sport hunting in Brazil through YouTubeTM posts. Ecology and Society 20:art30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07882-200330
eBird (2021) eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. [http://www.ebird.org].
Farias TC, Belo RP, Silva SR, Júnior PCB (2019) Comércio ilegal de aves silvestres em feiras livres da Amazônia: Um estudo de caso no Município de Abaetetuba, Pará, Brasil. Biota Amazônia 9:24–28.
Fernandes-Ferreira H, Mendonça SV, Albano C, Ferreira FS, Alves RRN (2012) Hunting, use and conservation of birds in Northeast Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 21:221–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0179-9
Ferreira CM, Glock L (2004) Diagnóstico preliminar sobre a avifauna traficada no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Biociências 12:21–30.
Ficetola GF (2013) Is interest toward the environment really declining? The complexity of analysing trends using internet search data. Biodiversity and Conservation 22:2983–2988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0552-y
Fletcher RJ, Didham RK, Banks-Leite C, Barlow J, Ewers RM, Rosindell J, Holt RD, Gonzalez A, Pardini R, Damschen EI, Melo FPL, Ries L, Prevedello JA, Tscharntke T, Laurance WF, Lovejoy T, Haddad NM (2018) Is habitat fragmentation good for biodiversity? Biological Conservation 226:9–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.07.022
Freitas TC de, Gadotti GI, Beltrame R, Guarino E de SG, Gomes GC, Molina AR (2021) Comércio ilegal de aves nativas em plataforma social virtual: Subsídios para a perícia ambiental. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia e Sustentabilidade 9:8–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15210/rbes.v9i1.19820
Fukano Y, Soga M (2019) Spatio-temporal dynamics and drivers of public interest in invasive alien species. Biological Invasions 21:3521–3532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02065-y
Funk SM, Rusowsky D (2014) The importance of cultural knowledge and scale for analysing internet search data as a proxy for public interest toward the environment. Biodiversity and Conservation 23:3101–3112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0767-6
Gama TF, Sassi R (2008) Aspectos do comércio ilegal de pássaros silvestres na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Gaia Scientia 2:1–20.
Godoy SNSN, Matushima ERER (2010) A survey of diseases in passeriform birds obtained from illegal wildlife trade in São Paulo City, Brazil. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 24:199–209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1647/2009-029.1
Green RE, Pearce-Higgins JW (2014) Birds and Climate Change: Impacts and Conservation Responses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139047791
Harrison XA, Donaldson L, Correa-Cano ME, Evans J, Fisher DN, Goodwin CED, Robinson BS, Hodgson DJ, Inger R (2018) A brief introduction to mixed effects modelling and multi-model inference in ecology. PeerJ 2018:e4794. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4794
IUCN (2023) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. [https://www.iucnredlist.org] Accessed December 12, 2023.
Jepson P, Ladle RJ (2005) Bird-keeping in Indonesia: Conservation impacts and the potential for substitution-based conservation responses. ORYX 39:442–448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605305001110
Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The worldwide variation in avian clutch size across species and space. PLoS Biology 6:2650–2657. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
Klemann-Junior L, Vallejos MAV, Scherer-Neto P, Vitule JRS (2017) Traditional scientific data Vs. Uncoordinated citizen science effort: A review of the current status and comparison of data on avifauna in Southern Brazil. PLoS ONE 12:e0188819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188819
Ladle RJ, Correia RA, Do Y, Joo G-J, Malhado AC, Proulx R, Roberge J-M, Jepson P (2016) Conservation culturomics. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14:269–275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1260
Le Nghiem TP, Papworth SK, Lim FKS, Carrasco LR (2016) Analysis of the capacity of google trends to measure interest in conservation topics and the role of online news. PLoS ONE 11:e0152802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152802
Licarião MR, Bezerra DMM, Alves RRN (2013) Wild birds as pets in Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil: An Ethnozoological Approach. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 85:201–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652013000100011
Lockwood JL, Welbourne DJ, Romagosa CM, Cassey P, Mandrak NE, Strecker A, Leung B, Stringham OC, Udell B, Episcopio-Sturgeon DJ, Tlusty MF, Sinclair J, Springborn MR, Pienaar EF, Rhyne AL, Keller R (2019) When pets become pests: the role of the exotic pet trade in producing invasive vertebrate animals. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 17:323–330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2059
Lopes OS, Sacchetta LA, Dente E (1980) Longevity of wild birds obtained during a banding program in S‹o Paulo, Brazil. J. of Field Ornithology 51(2):144–148.
Magalhães ALB, Jacobi CM (2010) Comércio eletrônico de peixes ornamentais de água doce: Potencial dispersor de espécies exóticas no Brasil. Acta Scientiarum - Biological Sciences 32:243–248.
Magalhães JP, Costa JJ (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life‐history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22:1770–1774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01783.x
Maggini R, Lehmann A, Kéry M, Schmid H, Beniston M, Jenni L, Zbinden N (2011) Are Swiss birds tracking climate change?. Detecting elevational shifts using response curve shapes. Ecological Modelling 222:21–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.010
Matias CAR, Pereira IA, Reis EMF, Rodrigues DP, Siciliano S (2016) Frequency of zoonotic bacteria among illegally traded wild birds in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 47:882–888. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2016.07.012
Mazza G, Aquiloni L, Inghilesi A, Giuliani C, Lazzaro L, Ferretti G, Lastrucci L, Foggi B, Tricarico E (2015) Aliens just a click away: the online aquarium trade in Italy. Management of Biological Invasions 6:253–261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2015.6.3.04
Minin E Di, Fink C, Hiippala T, Tenkanen H, Di Minin E, Fink C, Hiippala T, Tenkanen H (2019) A framework for investigating illegal wildlife trade on social media with machine learning. Conservation Biology 33:210–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13104
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ 339:b2535–b2535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535
Moura SG, Pessoa FB, Oliveira FF (2012) Animais silvestres recebidos pelo centro de triagem do IBAMA no Piauí no ano de 2011. Enciclopédia Biosfera 8:1748–1762.
Moreira CF (1997) Comércio ilegal das aves silvestres vivas nas principais feiras da cidade de Belém, Pará, Brasil. Undergraduate thesis, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Morcatty TQ, Feddema K, Nekaris KAI, Nijman V (2021) Online trade in wildlife and the lack of response to COVID-19. Environmental Research 193:110439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110439
Myhrvold NP, Baldridge E, Chan B, Sivam D, Freeman DL, Ernest SKM (2015) An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109–000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0846R.1
Nascimento CAR, Czaban RE, Alves RRN (2015) Trends in illegal trade of wild birds in Amazonas state, Brazil. Tropical Conservation Science 8:1098–1113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291500800416
Neto AIS, Fraga RE, Schiavetti A (2022) Tradition and trade: culture and exploitation of avian fauna by a rural community surrounding protected areas in the south of Bahia’s State, Northeastern Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 18:1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-022-00515-x
Oliveira ES, Torres DF, Alves RRN (2020a) Wild animals seized in a state in Northeast Brazil: Where do they come from and where do they go? Environment, Development and Sustainability 22:2343–2363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0294-9
Oliveira WSL, Borges AKM, Lopes SDF, Vasconcellos A, Alves RRN (2020b) Illegal trade of songbirds: An analysis of the activity in an area of northeast Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 16:1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00365-5
Oliveira WSL, Lopes SF, Alves RRN (2018) Understanding the motivations for keeping wild birds in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 14:1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-018-0243-6
Pacheco JF, Silveira LF, Aleixo A, Agne CE, Bencke GA, Bravo GA, Brito GRR, Cohn-Haft M, Maurício GN, Naka LN, Olmos F, Posso RS, Lees AC, Figueiredo LFA, Carrano, Eduardo, Guedes RC, Cesari E, Ismael F, Schunck F, Piacentini VQ (2021) Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee-second edition. Ornithology Research 29: 94–105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43388-021-00058-x
Padrone JMB. (2004). O comércio ilegal de animais silvestres: avaliação da questão ambiental no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Msc. Dissertation, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brazil.
Pagano IS de A, Sousa AEBADS, Wagner PGC, Ramos RT da C (2009) Aves depositadas no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do IBAMA na Paraíba: uma amostra do tráfico de aves silvestres no estado. Ornithologia 3:132–144.
Pereira GA, Brito MT de (2005) Diversidade de aves silvestres brasileiras comercializadas nas feiras livres da Região Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco. Atualidades Ornitológicas 126:7.
Pessoa TSA, Wagner PGC, Langguth A (2013) Captura e comercialização de animais silvestres no semiárido da paraiba , Brasil , sob a perspectiva de crianças e adolescentes. Revista Nordestina de Biologia 21:79–100.
Pinho JB, Nogueira M de B (2000) Mostra da retirada de psitacídeos em cativeiro na cidade de Cuiabá e Pantanal de Poconé, Mato Grosso, no período 1995-1997. Ararajuba 8:51–53.
Preuss JF, Schaedler PF (2011) Diagnóstico da fauna silvestre apreendida e resgatada pela polícia militar ambiental de São Miguel do Oeste, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Unoesc & Ciência 2:141–150.
Proulx R, Massicotte P, Pépino M (2014) Googling Trends in Conservation Biology. Conservation Biology 28:44–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12131
R Core Team (2021) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing..
Regueira RFS, Bernard E (2012) Wildlife sinks: Quantifying the impact of illegal bird trade in street markets in Brazil. Biological Conservation 149:16–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.02.009
Ribeiro J, Reino L, Schindler S, Strubbe D, Vall-llosera M, Araújo MB, Capinha C, Carrete M, Mazzoni S, Monteiro M, Moreira F, Rocha R, Tella JL, Vaz AS, Vicente J, Nuno A (2019) Trends in legal and illegal trade of wild birds: a global assessment based on expert knowledge. Biodiversity and Conservation 28:3343–3369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01825-5
Richards SA (2008) Dealing with overdispersed count data in applied ecology. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:218–227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01377.x
Roldán-Clarà B, Leyva C, Espejel I, López-Medellín X (2021) The complex social and legal context of the use of live birds in Mexico. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 10. https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2021-09-10.30-1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2021-09-10.30-1-14
Roldán-Clarà B, Hinojosa REH (2022). Fruits used in two rural communities of the Sierra Madre Oriental region, Mexico to feed captive Myadestes spp. birds for their acclimation. Ethnobiology and Conservation 11. https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2022-12-11.29-1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2022-12-11.29-1-16
Samia DSM, Nakagawa S, Nomura F, Rangel TF, Blumstein DT (2015) Increased tolerance to humans among disturbed wildlife. Nature Communications 6:8877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9877
Santos IB, Costa-Neto EM (2007) Estudo etnoornitológico em uma região do semi-árido do Estado da Bahia. Sitientibus Série Ciências Biológicas 7:273–288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13102/scb8111
Sick H (1997) Ornitologia brasileira. Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro.
Sigrist T (2009) Guia de Campo Avis Brasilis - Avifauna Brasileira: Pranchas e Mapas. 1o ed. Avis Brasilis Editora, Vinhedo, SP -Brasil.
Silva SM, Lima RA (2014) Levantamento da fauna silvestre no centro de reabilitação do batalhão da polícia militar ambiental nos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2013 no município de Candeias do Jamari-RO. Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 18:296–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5902/2236117012289
Silva S, Braga B, Brasil L, Baía-Júnior P, Guimarães D (2022) The use of Passeriformes in the eastern Amazonia of Brazil: culture encourages hunting and profit encourages trade. Oryx 56:218–227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605320000551
Silva-Jr EF, Kajiki LN, Diniz P, Kanegae MF (2020) Longevity records for some passerines of central Brazil. Ornithology Research 28:258–262]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43388-021-00033-6
Silva SR, Braga B, Silva Costa J., Costa Ribeiro M, Cardoso DL, Zangeronimo MG., Baía Júnior, PC, Araújo Guimarães DA (2023). Management of captive Passeriformes in eastern Amazonia: the bird keepers. Ethnobiology and Conservation 12. https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2023-07-12.16-1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2023-07-12.16-1-14
Siriwat P, Nekaris KAI, Nijman V (2019) The role of the anthropogenic Allee effect in the exotic pet trade on Facebook in Thailand. Journal for Nature Conservation 51:125726. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125726
Soares HKL, Soares VMS, Lopes SF, Lucena RFP, Barboza RRD (2020) Rearing and trade of wild birds in a semiarid region of Brazil. Environment, Development and Sustainability 22:4323–4339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00386-5
Souto WMS, Torres MAR, Sousa BFCF, Lima KGGC, Vieira LTS, Pereira GA, Guzzi A, Silva MV, Pralon BGN (2017) Singing for Cages: The Use and Trade of Passeriformes as Wild Pets in an Economic Center of the Amazon—NE Brazil Route. Tropical Conservation Science http://doi.org/10:194008291768989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082917689898
Souza GM, Soares Filho A (1998) Comércio ilegal de aves silvestres na região do Paraguaçu e sudoeste da Bahia. Enciclopédia Biosfera 1:1–11.
Souza TO, Vilela DAR (2013) Espécies ameaçadas de extinção vítimas do tráfico e criação ilegal de animais silvestres. Atualidades Ornitológicas 176:64–68.
Souza TO, Vilela DAR, Câmara BGO (2014) Pressões sobre a avifauna brasileira: Aves recebidas pelo CETAS/IBAMA, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Ornithologia 7:1–11.
Stotz DF, Fitzpatrick JW, Parker III TA, Moskovits DK (1996) Neotropical Birds Ecology and Conservation. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago .
Stringham OC, Lockwood JL (2018) Pet problems: Biological and economic factors that influence the release of alien reptiles and amphibians by pet owners. Journal of Applied Ecology 55:2632–2640. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13237
Su S, Cassey P, Blackburn TM (2016) The wildlife pet trade as a driver of introduction and establishment in alien birds in Taiwan. Biological Invasions 18:215–229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-1003-3
Su S, Cassey P, Vall-llosera M, Blackburn TM (2015) Going Cheap: Determinants of Bird Price in the Taiwanese Pet Market. PLOS ONE 10:e0127482-. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127482
Sung Y-HH, Fong JJ (2018) Assessing consumer trends and illegal activity by monitoring the online wildlife trade. Biological Conservation 227:219–225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.09.025
Svensson MS, Ingram DJ, Nekaris KAI, Nijman V (2015) Trade and ethnozoological use of African lorisiforms in the last 20 years. Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy 26:153–161.
Sy EY (2018) Trading Faces: Utilisation of Facebook to Trade Live Reptiles in the Philippines. TRAFFIC, United Kingdom.
Tobias JA, Sheard C, Seddon N, Meade A, Cotton AJ, Nakagawa S (2016) Territoriality, Social Bonds, and the Evolution of Communal Signaling in Birds. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 4:74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2016.00074
Troumbis AY, Iosifidis S (2020) A decade of Google Trends-based Conservation culturomics research: A critical evaluation of an evolving epistemology. Biological Conservation 248:108647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108647
Vall-llosera M, Cassey P (2017) ‘Do you come from a land down under?’ Characteristics of the international trade in Australian endemic parrots. Biological Conservation 207:38–46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.01.015
Venables WN, Ripley BD (2022) Modern Applied Statistics with S. 4th ed. Springer, New York .
Wikiaves (2021) A enciclopédia de aves do Brasil. [www.wikiaves.com.br] .
Wilman H, Belmaker J, Simpson J, De C, Rosa LA, Rivadeneira MM, Jetz W (2014) EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world’s birds and mammals Ecological Archives E095-178. [http://esapubs.org/archive]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1
Young AM, Hobson EA, Lackey LB, Wright TF (2012) Survival on the ark: life-history trends in captive parrots. Animal Conservation 15:28–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00477.x
Zago DC (2008) Animais da fauna silvestre mantidos como animais de estimação. Undergraduate thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria – RS, Brazil.
Zardo L, Behr R, Macedo A, Pereira L, Lovato M (2014) Aves nativas e exóticas mantidas como animais de estimação em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Acta Ambiental Catarinense 11:33–42.
Zurita GA, Bellocq MI (2010) Spatial patterns of bird community similarity: Bird responses to landscape composition and configuration in the Atlantic forest. Landscape Ecology 25:147–158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9410-4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Luane Maria Melo Azeredo, Romulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
