Can the traditional use of native plant species in rural communities in the Brazilian semi-arid region be affected by global warming?

José Ribamar Farias Lima; Thamires Kelly Nunes Carvalho; Ramon Santos Souza; Robbie Hart; Rainer W. Bussmann; Henrique Fernandes Magalhães; Regina Célia  da Silva Oliveira; Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena

doi:10.15451/ec2023-06-12.11-1-21

Authors

José Ribamar Farias Lima Program in Development and Environment. Laboratory of Ethnobiology and Environmental Sciences. Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-0672
Thamires Kelly Nunes Carvalho Program in Development and Environment. Laboratory of Ethnobiology and Environmental Sciences. Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3847-1249
Ramon Santos Souza Program in Development and Environment. Laboratory of Ethnobiology and Environmental Sciences. Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-8435
Robbie Hart Assistant Curator, High Elevation Ecology and Ethnobotany. William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden. PO Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299. USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8803-8059
Rainer W. Bussmann Ilia State University. Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden. Department of Ethnobotany. 1 Botanical Str. 0105 Tbilisi. Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-5273
Henrique Fernandes Magalhães Laboratory of Ethnobotany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-9307
Regina Célia da Silva Oliveira Federal Institute of Piauí, Campus Paulistana, Paulistana, Piauí, Brazil
Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena Laboratory of Ethnobotany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-4315

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2023-06-12.11-1-21

Keywords:

Local ecological knowledge, Native vegetation, Semi-arid regions, Extreme weather variations, Species distribution modeling

Abstract

Extreme climate change events are capable of modifying the physiognomy of landscapes, impacting millions of people around the world. Consequently, the traditional knowledge of people residing in these regions about local natural resources may also be affected. To identify how the traditional use of native plant species can be influenced by a change in the availability of these species in a rural community in a semi-arid region, in a scenario of climatic extremes, we developed a Pressure Indicator for Use Preference (PIUP), seeking to identify the species under the greatest pressure of use. The study was carried out in the São Francisco Rural Community, in the Cabaceiras Municipality, in the semi-arid region of the Paraíba State, with 42 local informants. The species with the highest PIUP had their potential distribution for the year 2050 modeled using the HadGEM2-ES climate model under the RCP4.5 scenario, as an optimistic forecast, and the RCP8.5 scenario, as a pessimistic forecast. The construction of the models identified a potential increase in the coverage area of all analyzed species, with a greater territorial extension for the RCP8.5 scenario. Myracrodoun urundeuva, Mimosa tenuiflora and Croton blanchetianus were the species with the lowest potential area growth for the year 2050. The high use of species, especially M. urundeuva, associated with reduced growth in a more arid environment is a worrying factor for the population structure of the species, as well as for rural communities that make representative use of the species.

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Author Biography

Henrique Fernandes Magalhães, Laboratory of Ethnobotany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Eu sou biólogo, graduado em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), especialista em Gestão Ambiental pela Universidade Candido Mendes (UCAM), mestre em Zoologia pela Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) e doutor em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza pela Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Atuei como pesquisador colaborador do Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos (LEA), na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Atualmente, sou pesquisador de pós-doutorado pela Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Dentre meus interesses atuais de investigação, está a compreensão dos aspectos ecológicos e evolutivos que permeiam a relação entre pessoas e os recursos naturais, no que tange a percepção de riscos ambientais e a capacidade adaptativa em sistemas socioecológicos diante de eventos climáticos extremos, e como fatores ambientais, cognitivos e socioeconômicos podem estar interferindo nesse processo; e como o uso e manejo de recursos naturais por populações locais, especialmente extrativistas, podem estar interferindo na cadeia produtiva e na segurança florestal em florestas tropicais. Possuo experiência em Etnobiologia, com ênfase em Etnoecologia; e em Ecologia, com ênfase em Ecologia de Ecossistemas e Ecologia Política. Acredito que, nesse contexto atual de profunda crise ecológica e social, mais do que uma produtividade acadêmica e científica contabilizada, é fundamental que a ciência que desenvolvemos tenha como enfoque a defesa da vida, o equilíbrio ambiental e climático e o combate às injustiças em nossa sociedade.

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